Introduction to Nginx regular expression related parameters and rules

Preface

Recently, I have been helping clients configure servers and frequently modifying Nginx configuration files. I have frequently used regular matching rules. Here are some commonly used regular parameters and rules for your reference.

The syntax rules of Location in Nginx configuration location [ = | ~ | ~* | ^~ | !~ | !~* ] /uri/{ … }

1. = means exact match
2. ~ indicates case-sensitive regular matching
3. ~* indicates case-insensitive regular expression matching
4. ^~ indicates that the URI starts with a regular string
5. !~ indicates case-sensitive regular expression mismatch
6. !~* means case-insensitive regular expression does not match
7. / Universal match, any request will be matched
   

Matching order

When multiple locations are configured, the matching order is:

First match =
Secondly, match ^~
The second is the regular matching in the order of the file, and finally it is handed over to the / general matching. When a match is successful, the matching stops and the request is processed according to the current matching rules.

. matches any character except newline
\w matches letters, numbers, underscores, or Chinese characters
\s matches any whitespace character
\d matches a digit
\b matches the beginning or end of a word
^ matches the beginning of the string
$ matches the end of the string

* Repeats zero or more times
+ Repeat one or more times
? Repeat zero or one times
{n} repeat n times
{n,} Repeat n times or more
{n,m} repeat n to m times
*? Repeat as many times as you want, but as few times as possible
+? Repeat 1 or more times, but as few times as possible
?? Repeat 0 or 1 times, but as few times as possible
{n,m}? Repeat n to m times, but as few times as possible
{n,}? Repeat more than n times, but as few times as possible

\W matches any character that is not a letter, number, underscore, or Chinese character
\S matches any character that is not a whitespace character
\D matches any non-digit character
\B matches a position that is not the beginning or end of a word
[^x] matches any character except x
[^aeiou] matches any character except aeiou

Common rules

Exact Match

location = / {
 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9090/
}

Forward all requests directly to port 9090 of the server.

Serving static files

#Directory matching location ^~ /static/ {
 root /webroot/static/;
}
#Suffix matching location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|css|js|ico)$ {
 root /webroot/res/;
}

Forward dynamic requests to the backend application server

#Forward requests starting with /account/ to the Account server location /account/ {
 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/
}
#Forward requests starting with /order/ to the Order server location /order/ {
 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9090/
}

rewrite directive

• last is equivalent to the [L] mark in Apache, which means rewrite.
• break After this rule is matched, the matching is terminated and the following rules will no longer be matched.
• redirect returns a 302 temporary redirect, and the browser address will display the URL after the jump.
• permanent returns a 301 permanent redirect, and the browser address will display the URL after the jump.
• Use last and break to rewrite the URI, and the browser address bar remains unchanged.
• When using the alias directive, you must use the last marker; when using the proxy_pass directive, you need to use the break marker.
• The last tag will re-initiate a request to the server{……} tag after the rewrite rule is executed, while the break tag will terminate the matching after the rule is matched.

Summarize

This is the end of this article about Nginx regular expression related parameters and rules. For more relevant Nginx regular parameters and rules, please search 123WORDPRESS.COM's previous articles or continue to browse the following related articles. I hope everyone will support 123WORDPRESS.COM in the future!