Analysis of Nginx Rewrite usage scenarios and configuration methods

Nginx Rewrite usage scenarios

1. URL address jump, for example, when a user visits pm.com, it will be redirected to baidu.com, or when a user visits via http, it will be redirected to https.

2. URL pseudo-static, a technology that displays dynamic pages as static pages, reduces the exposure of excessive parameters of dynamic URL addresses to the outside world, and improves security.

3. Search engine SEO optimization relies on URL paths to support search engine entry

4. The URL browsed by users can be adjusted to look more standardized and meet the needs of developers and product personnel.

Configuration syntax

rewrite regex replacement [flag];

4 flags

last stops processing subsequent rewrite instruction sets, jumps out of the location scope, and starts searching for a location that matches the changed URI. The URL address remains unchanged.

break stops processing subsequent rewrite instruction sets, does not jump out of the location scope, does not re-search, terminates matching, and the URL address remains unchanged

redirect returns a 302 temporary redirect. The browser address bar will display the redirected URL, and the crawler will not update its URL database.

permanent returns a 301 permanent redirect, the browser address bar will display the redirected URL, and the crawler will update its URL database

Note: When using last and break, the address in the browser will not change, but when using redirect and permanent, it will change

For example:

location /abc/ {
  rewrite ^/abc/(.*) /whsir/$1 break;
  return 401;
}
location /opq/ {
  rewrite ^/opq/(.*) /whsir/$1 last;
  return 402;
}
location /whsir/ {
  return 403;
}

After entering abc, if the content of whsir matches, it returns 200, otherwise it returns 404

After entering opq, if the content of whsir matches, it returns 403, otherwise it returns 404

last and break only return a status code, success or failure, while redirect and permanent will first return 302 or 301 before returning success or failure.

Commonly used Nginx global variables:

Example: http://www.pm.com:99/aa/bb/test.php

$host www.pm.com

$server_port 99

$request_uri /aa/bb/test.php

$document_root /pm_code

$request_filename /pm_code/aa/bb/test.php

Case 1: External jump

Open the lb01 virtual machine, close the previous custom configuration file, and create a new /etc/nginx/conf.d/rewrite.conf

Note: ^/ means that all URLs starting with root (here the root directory is /pm_code, and the corresponding domain name is www.pm.com) will be redirected to Baidu.

Modify the /etc/nginx/nginx.conf file

Change the error log level to notice so that it can record redirection information (debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, the more information is recorded)

Add a line to the http module

rewrite_log on; (turn on rewrite logging)

test

Enter www.pm.com in the browser address bar (already configured in hosts), and it will redirect to the Baidu homepage

Case 2: Internal jump

Change /etc/nginx/conf.d/rewrite.conf content

Create file 2.html (content 222) in /pm_code and enter www.pm.com/1.html in the browser

View the records in the error log

Using return

In the above method, 1.html is displayed in the browser address bar, and the webpage content is the content of 2.html. If you want to display 2.html in the address bar, change the content in location to return 302 /2.html; or rewrite .* /2.html redirect;

Use regular expressions

Example: Redirect www.pm.com/2020/* to www.pm.com/2019/*

The brackets represent a whole, and $1 represents the content in the first bracket.

Redirect http to https

Note: After nginx 1.14, you don’t need to write ssl on. Instead, write listen 443 ssl in the listen field;

The above is the full content of this article. I hope it will be helpful for everyone’s study. I also hope that everyone will support 123WORDPRESS.COM.